Circular fertilisers play a key role in enhancing agricultural efficiency and sustainability. As a response to the environmental and economic challenges posed by conventional fertilisers, circular alternatives offer a promising solution by utilising secondary raw materials and reducing reliance on finite resources. These fertilisers are derived from agricultural residues, by-products, and organic waste, promoting resource efficiency while protecting soil health. Their widespread adoption could significantly decrease dependency on imported fertilisers and contribute to the European Union’s green transition.
Conventional fertilisers rely on non-renewable resources and are often produced through energy-intensive processes. While they provide immediate nutrient availability for crops, they can also lead to soil degradation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, circular fertilisers release nutrients more gradually, reducing the risk of nutrient leaching and enhancing soil structure. Their use aligns with broader EU environmental objectives, supported by policies such as the Common Agricultural Policy and the Soil Monitoring Law.
In recent years, research has focused on advancing circular fertilisers as part of a broader agro-ecological transition. A collaborative effort among experts from multiple European countries has helped assess and promote these fertilisers, identifying their advantages in terms of sustainability, resource efficiency, and economic viability. Engaging with farmers, fertiliser producers, and policymakers has been crucial in addressing barriers to adoption and ensuring that these stakeholders are well-informed about the potential benefits.
By 2050, the large-scale adoption of circular fertilisers could lead to a significant reduction in conventional fertiliser use, potentially replacing 3.77 million tonnes. This shift would contribute to cutting greenhouse gas emissions, with estimated reductions of 88% for CO2 and 87% for N2O. Additionally, it could reduce fertiliser imports by 20%, translating into substantial cost savings of nearly €689.38 million per year. Such economic and environmental benefits highlight the strategic importance of transitioning towards circular nutrient management.
Despite these advantages, many farmers, fertiliser producers, and policymakers remain unaware of the full potential of circular fertilisers. Challenges such as outdated technical and legal frameworks, limited investment in nutrient recycling innovations, and a lack of accessible information hinder broader adoption. Addressing these obstacles requires targeted support for research and development, regulatory adjustments, and efforts to raise awareness among key stakeholders.
Facilitating the transition to circular fertilisers is essential for the resilience of European agriculture. By integrating them into farming practices, it is possible to improve soil fertility, reduce environmental impact, and enhance food security. A coherent regulatory framework, combined with knowledge-sharing initiatives, will be crucial in ensuring the successful scaling of these fertilisers. Making informed choices about fertilisation and soil management can prevent long-term risks to agricultural productivity and ecosystem health.
The research and data collected on circular fertilisers provide valuable insights for policymakers and agricultural stakeholders, paving the way for more sustainable farming practices. Continued collaboration across the agricultural sector will be key to unlocking the full potential of these fertilisers. The transition towards circular fertilisers is not only a step towards sustainability but also a necessary adaptation to ensure the long-term viability of food systems and agricultural economies.
