Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone that has gained attention for its potential health benefits, particularly in the realms of aging, physical performance, and sexual health. Naturally produced by the adrenal glands, DHEA levels peak in your 20s and gradually decline with age. This decline has been linked to changes in mood, cognitive function, and overall vitality, sparking interest in DHEA supplementation. But how effective is it, and what risks should you be aware of?
DHEA serves as a precursor to sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. While small amounts of DHEA are also produced in the ovaries, testes, and brain, the adrenal glands are the primary source. Because of its role in hormone production, DHEA is often marketed as a supplement to combat the effects of aging and improve physical and sexual health.
Synthetic DHEA is available in forms such as capsules, powders, and creams. These products are widely promoted for their potential to boost energy, enhance skin health, and improve mood. But before jumping on the bandwagon, it’s crucial to understand what research says about its efficacy.
The allure of DHEA supplements often lies in their promise to counteract aging. Research on this front has yielded mixed results.
Some studies suggest that DHEA may improve skin hydration and collagen production, helping to slow the age-related thinning of skin. However, claims about DHEA enhancing cognitive function, bone density, or muscle strength in older adults remain unsubstantiated. Major resources like the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database highlight that there is no convincing evidence DHEA influences the aging process in a meaningful way.
DHEA has been studied for a variety of health benefits, including its potential effects on physical performance, mood, menopause symptoms, and sexual health.
Some research indicates that DHEA supplements may increase lean body mass and reduce body fat. However, these changes don’t necessarily translate to significant improvements in physical strength.
Preliminary studies suggest DHEA might alleviate symptoms of depression in certain individuals. However, these findings are not robust enough for DHEA to be considered a primary treatment for depression.
DHEA may offer specific benefits for postmenopausal women, such as reducing vaginal atrophy and easing pain during intercourse when used as a vaginal insert. However, its effects on other menopausal symptoms, like hot flashes and general dryness, remain inconsistent.
DHEA is often marketed as a libido booster. Some studies show minor improvements in sexual desire, arousal, and lubrication in older adults, but the overall evidence is inconclusive and requires further investigation.
For short-term use (up to two years) and at doses up to 50 milligrams per day, DHEA is generally considered safe for most people. Mild side effects may include acne, an upset stomach, or changes in mood. However, certain groups should avoid DHEA entirely:
- Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals
- People with liver conditions
- Those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Long-term or high-dose use of DHEA comes with additional risks, including:
- Hormone-sensitive conditions: DHEA can increase estrogen levels, potentially worsening conditions such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or endometriosis.
- Diabetes complications: DHEA may interfere with insulin, requiring close monitoring of blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals.
- Heart health concerns: DHEA might lower HDL (“good”) cholesterol levels, raising cardiovascular risks.
- Mood disorders: High doses can lead to irritability, impulsivity, or excitability, particularly in people with underlying mood issues.
Additionally, DHEA can interact with medications such as blood thinners, hormone therapies, and certain cancer treatments, so consulting a healthcare provider before use is essential.
It’s important to note that dietary supplements like DHEA are not strictly regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This means that the quality and potency of products on the market can vary widely. Consumers should choose reputable brands that undergo third-party testing for quality assurance.
DHEA supplements may offer some benefits, particularly for skin health and specific menopausal symptoms. However, their efficacy in improving physical strength, cognitive function, or overall aging remains unproven.
If you’re considering DHEA supplementation, weigh the potential benefits against the risks and consult your healthcare provider to determine whether it’s appropriate for your needs. While it might be tempting to seek a “fountain of youth” in a pill, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep remain the gold standards for healthy aging.
