Agricultural modernization plays a crucial role in China’s ongoing development, driving both rural revitalization and economic growth. In 2024, China achieved a significant milestone in agricultural production, reaching a grain output of 700 million tonnes for the first time. At the same time, the contribution of science and technology to agriculture surpassed 63%, and full-process agricultural mechanization reached new heights. The per capita disposable income of rural residents also saw a notable increase, rising by 6.6% year-on-year. These achievements underscore the transformative impact of modernized agriculture on the nation’s rural areas and economy.
There are two key aspects to agricultural modernization: quantity and quality. From a quantitative perspective, ensuring the security of cultivated land and the supply of key agricultural products is essential. However, it is not just about producing large quantities; it is also about optimizing the variety of agricultural products. Currently, there is considerable waste in Chinese agriculture, and modernization aims to rationalize the structure of agricultural products to ensure that every grain produced serves its purpose and maximizes its value.
From a qualitative perspective, the quality of agricultural output is of paramount importance. Achieving high yields should not come at the cost of soil degradation, pesticide contamination, or overuse of fertilizers. Ensuring the safety of land and agricultural products is vital to protect the health of consumers and contribute to the high-quality development of the country. The quality of life for citizens is largely determined by the safety and reliability of their food sources, making this a key focus of agricultural modernization.
The development of modernized agriculture also requires addressing several critical issues. One of these is the economic aspect. It is essential that farmers do not experience worsening financial conditions as they scale up their operations. The allocation of agricultural resources must be efficient, ensuring that farmers benefit from their work and that rural areas see increased consumption. Institutional reforms, such as better land management, capital investment in agriculture, and the encouragement of private enterprise participation, are necessary to expand the profitability of the agricultural sector.
Additionally, the balance between land use and urban planning must be considered. China must protect the quantity and quality of cultivated land, preventing its conversion to non-agricultural uses. However, the application of big data and artificial intelligence can help optimize the use of land and forest resources, allowing for more efficient territorial planning. Urban spaces should also be utilized for innovative agricultural practices, such as three-dimensional farming, to promote the sustainable development of agriculture in urban environments.
Another important factor is the relationship between agriculture and environmental ecology, particularly regarding carbon emissions. Agriculture, especially animal husbandry, is a significant source of carbon emissions, so it is crucial to find a balance between agricultural production and environmental sustainability. Exploring the agricultural potential of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, can help mitigate the environmental impact of farming while improving irrigation and energy efficiency.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture also holds great potential. Smart agriculture is rapidly evolving, with AI technologies improving harvesting efficiency, optimizing planting schedules, predicting soil moisture, and selecting the best breeding methods. These advancements can significantly enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
Finally, international cooperation in agriculture should be strengthened. China’s agricultural development can benefit from global knowledge and partnerships, while its own experiences can serve as a model for other countries. For instance, the mechanized farming practices of the United States can be applied in China’s vast northern plains, while China’s small-scale, diverse agricultural methods offer valuable lessons for developing nations.
In conclusion, agricultural modernization is essential for China’s long-term growth and rural revitalization. As the country navigates challenges related to land, space, and environmental constraints, it is exploring new paths for agricultural development that will benefit both current and future generations.
