The European Union (EU) continues to strengthen its strategic ties with key partners. One such partnership that has garnered significant attention is between the EU and Morocco. On Monday, during a press conference in Luxembourg, Josep Borrell, the EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission, emphasized the “immense value” that the EU places on its relationship with Morocco. The statement came following the EU Foreign Affairs Council meeting, highlighting the bloc’s desire to deepen this multifaceted partnership.
Borrell’s reaffirmation of the EU’s commitment to Morocco is a clear indicator of the importance of the strategic partnership, which has evolved over several decades. This partnership covers a broad range of areas, including trade, agriculture, fisheries, migration, security, and environmental sustainability. In light of recent developments and challenges in the geopolitical landscape, the EU’s emphasis on reinforcing these ties underscores the mutual benefits that both parties derive from their collaboration.
A Long-Standing Partnership with Strategic Importance
Morocco holds a unique position as a bridge between Europe and Africa, serving as a key interlocutor for the EU in the Mediterranean and North African regions. The EU-Morocco partnership, which is anchored in the 1996 Association Agreement, has steadily grown in scope and significance, with both parties working closely on a variety of fronts. Over the years, Morocco has been a crucial ally for the EU in addressing issues related to migration management, counter-terrorism, and regional stability.
Borrell’s comments during the Luxembourg press conference reflect a deep appreciation for Morocco’s role in these areas. “We have established friendly relations and multifaceted cooperation with Morocco, which we wish to pursue and strengthen in the coming months,” Borrell stated, acknowledging the solid foundation on which the partnership is built.
From the EU’s perspective, Morocco’s geopolitical significance is particularly valuable due to its stability in a region that has often been marked by political upheavals and security challenges. As a gateway to Africa, Morocco also plays a crucial role in facilitating trade and investment between the EU and the African continent. For Morocco, the EU remains its largest trading partner, providing access to European markets and facilitating economic growth through various cooperation agreements.
Economic and Trade Relations: The Backbone of Cooperation
The EU-Morocco partnership is particularly robust in the areas of trade and economic cooperation. The EU is Morocco’s largest trading partner, accounting for around 56% of its trade in 2022, with exports to the EU amounting to 65% of the country’s total exports. This strong economic relationship is underpinned by several agreements, including the Association Agreement and the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) negotiations that aim to further enhance market access and integrate Morocco into the EU’s internal market.
One of the cornerstones of the EU-Morocco partnership is the agricultural and fisheries agreements, which allow Morocco to export its agricultural products to the European market while granting EU vessels access to Moroccan waters for fishing. However, these agreements have not been without controversy, particularly with regard to the legal status of Western Sahara, a disputed territory claimed by Morocco. In 2021, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) annulled the EU-Morocco fisheries and agricultural agreements, citing concerns about their applicability to Western Sahara.
Despite the legal challenges, Borrell reiterated the EU’s commitment to maintaining and strengthening its relationship with Morocco. He referenced a joint declaration made with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, which reaffirmed the EU’s dedication to preserving close relations with Morocco “in all areas, in line with the ‘pacta sunt servanda’ principle” – a Latin term that underscores the importance of honoring agreements. This statement signals the EU’s intention to find a balanced solution that respects both legal rulings and the strategic value of its partnership with Morocco.
A Partnership Beyond Trade: Security, Migration, and Environmental Cooperation
While trade remains a significant aspect of the EU-Morocco partnership, cooperation extends beyond economic matters. One of the key areas of collaboration is migration management, where Morocco has played an essential role in curbing irregular migration flows to Europe. As a transit country for migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, Morocco has been instrumental in helping the EU manage migration challenges, particularly in the context of the ongoing Mediterranean migration crisis.
The EU has provided financial assistance to Morocco to strengthen its border security and improve its capacity to manage migration flows. In return, Morocco has been a reliable partner in implementing measures to prevent irregular migration and combat human trafficking networks. This cooperation is crucial for the EU, particularly for countries such as Spain and Italy, which are often the first entry points for migrants attempting to reach Europe by sea.
In addition to migration, security cooperation is another vital pillar of the EU-Morocco partnership. Morocco has been a key ally in counter-terrorism efforts, particularly in the fight against extremist groups in the Sahel region and North Africa. The country’s intelligence services have worked closely with their European counterparts to prevent terrorist attacks and dismantle extremist networks. This collaboration has contributed to regional stability and reinforced the EU’s security architecture.
Environmental sustainability is yet another area where the EU and Morocco have forged strong ties. As the effects of climate change become more pronounced, both parties have recognized the need for joint action to address environmental challenges. Morocco, with its ambitious renewable energy goals, has positioned itself as a leader in green energy development in the region. The country’s commitment to generating 52% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030 aligns with the EU’s Green Deal, creating opportunities for cooperation in areas such as clean energy and sustainable agriculture.
The Way Forward: Strengthening a Future-Oriented Partnership
The EU’s reaffirmation of its partnership with Morocco comes at a time when global challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and geopolitical tensions are reshaping international relations. In this context, the EU is keen to solidify its alliances with key partners like Morocco to navigate these complex challenges together.
As Borrell noted during the press conference, the EU is committed to deepening the “long-range, long-term, dense and in-depth partnership” with Morocco. This partnership is expected to evolve further in the coming years, with both sides exploring new areas of cooperation. The EU’s New Agenda for the Mediterranean, adopted in 2021, outlines several priorities for the region, including fostering inclusive economic growth, advancing digital transformation, and enhancing resilience to climate change. Morocco is expected to play a central role in realizing these objectives.
At the same time, the EU will need to address the legal and political challenges surrounding the Western Sahara issue to ensure that its agreements with Morocco are legally sound and mutually beneficial. Finding a solution that respects international law while maintaining the strategic partnership will be crucial for both sides.
In conclusion, the EU-Morocco partnership is a testament to the value of international cooperation in addressing global challenges. As Borrell emphasized, the EU remains committed to strengthening this partnership across all areas, from trade and migration to security and environmental sustainability. With both sides dedicated to deepening their ties, the future of EU-Morocco relations looks promising, offering opportunities for greater collaboration and mutual benefit in the years to come.
