A recent study highlights the ongoing global maternal mortality crisis, with hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders like preeclampsia identified as the leading causes of maternal deaths worldwide. In 2020 alone, these conditions were responsible for approximately 80,000 and 50,000 fatalities, respectively, underscoring the urgent need for improved maternal healthcare. Despite medical advancements, many women still lack access to life-saving treatments and effective care before, during, and after childbirth.
This study, the first global update on maternal mortality causes in nearly a decade, reveals that nearly a quarter of pregnancy and childbirth-related deaths stem from underlying health conditions such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, anemia, and diabetes. These diseases, often undiagnosed or untreated until complications arise, significantly increase the risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Addressing maternal mortality requires a comprehensive approach that includes preventive care, early detection of complications, and quality healthcare services for women throughout their reproductive years.
In 2020, an estimated 287,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide equivalent to one death every two minutes. Hemorrhage, particularly during or after childbirth, accounted for nearly a third (27%) of these deaths. Hypertensive disorders, including preeclampsia, contributed to 16%, often leading to severe complications such as strokes, organ failure, and seizures when left untreated. Other direct causes of maternal death included sepsis and infections, pulmonary embolism, complications from miscarriages and unsafe abortions, anesthesia-related complications, and birth injuries.
The findings emphasize the need to strengthen maternity care services, particularly antenatal care that detects risks early and helps prevent severe complications. Emergency obstetric care is also crucial to managing life-threatening situations like postpartum hemorrhage. Additionally, postnatal care plays a vital role in preventing maternal deaths, yet around a third of women in lower-income countries do not receive essential postnatal check-ups in the critical days following childbirth.
A broader focus on preventive measures, including addressing noncommunicable diseases and malnutrition, could also reduce the risk of complications. Many maternal deaths result from multiple interrelated factors. For example, preeclampsia not only increases the likelihood of hemorrhage but also contributes to other complications that can arise long after childbirth. A holistic approach to maternal health spanning from pre-pregnancy through postnatal care offers the best chance for healthy pregnancies, safe deliveries, and long-term well-being for mothers.
The study utilized data reported to global health organizations, as well as peer-reviewed research. However, data gaps remain, particularly concerning maternal suicide, which is documented in only a limited number of countries. Additionally, most countries do not track late maternal deaths those occurring up to a year after childbirth despite evidence that many conditions pose ongoing risks. Many women also struggle to access postnatal follow-up care, including mental health support.
Efforts to strengthen maternal healthcare systems continue worldwide. In response to the persistent challenge of postpartum hemorrhage, global health initiatives have been launched to implement strategies that can reduce maternal deaths. Likewise, commitments have been made at the international level to improve the quality of care before, during, and after childbirth.
With maternal and newborn health as a growing global priority, urgent action is needed to ensure that all women receive the high-quality, evidence-based care necessary for safe pregnancies and deliveries. The coming years are critical for accelerating progress in maternal health and achieving lasting improvements in survival and well-being for mothers and their babies.
