The ongoing Kala-azar outbreak in Wajir and Marsabit counties has reached alarming levels, with at least 617 reported cases and 25 deaths. The Ministry of Health is working to contain the disease, which has been a persistent threat since September 2024.
Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies. If left untreated, it is fatal in over 95 percent of cases. The disease manifests through prolonged fever, weight loss, anemia, swollen lymph nodes, and an enlarged spleen and liver. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes it as the second deadliest parasitic disease after malaria. It is also climate-sensitive, with environmental factors like temperature, rainfall, and humidity influencing sandfly breeding patterns.
The outbreak has overwhelmed health facilities in Wajir, particularly at Wajir Referral Hospital, where rising cases have led to the admission of patients at Makoror Hospital and sub-county health centers in Giriftu and Eldas. The shortage of wards, testing kits, and the remoteness of affected areas have further complicated containment efforts.
To address the crisis, the Ministry of Health launched an emergency response on March 28, 2025. Principal Secretary Mary Muthoni flagged off three mobile laboratories equipped with molecular testing machines, diagnostic reagents, and personal protective equipment. These mobile units are expected to enhance disease surveillance, early diagnosis, and timely treatment. Muthoni emphasized the importance of early intervention to prevent further fatalities, confirming that emergency funds are being released to support response efforts.
In addition, local health authorities have implemented vector control measures. On March 23, a fumigation and spraying exercise targeting sandflies commenced, with a goal of reaching 6,000 households. Wajir County Director for Public Health Mohamed Hassan Maalim highlighted that recent floods had created ideal breeding conditions for sandflies, exacerbating the outbreak.
Health experts warn that if the disease is not contained, it could spread to neighboring regions, including Rift Valley. The government and health agencies are now racing against time to ensure that patients receive prompt diagnosis and treatment to curb further infections and fatalities.
