2025 has seen a particularly severe cold and flu season in the United States, with respiratory illnesses spreading rapidly. We’re experiencing the worst flu season in 15 years, and measles outbreaks in northwest Texas have already sickened nearly 200 people, primarily children, leading to at least two deaths. Additionally, bird flu, though affecting fewer humans, has claimed millions of poultry and continues to be a potential concern.
Measles: A Growing Concern
Measles is one of the most contagious viruses known and is particularly dangerous for babies and young children. This year, the U.S. has seen over 200 measles cases, surpassing the annual totals of many previous years. Outbreaks have been reported in several states, with the majority of cases occurring in unvaccinated individuals. The virus can spread incredibly quickly; a single infected person can potentially infect 18 others. For those who are not vaccinated, the chances of contracting measles after exposure are 90%.
While measles was declared eliminated in the U.S. in 2000, vaccination rates have been steadily declining. Currently, only 92.7% of kindergarten-aged children are vaccinated, which is not high enough to ensure herd immunity. Measles complications can be severe, leading to long-term neurological damage in children who survive, making it especially worrying for public health officials.
Influenza: Still a Major Threat
The flu season in 2025 has been particularly severe, with the CDC reporting an estimated 37 million cases, almost half a million hospitalizations, and 21,000 deaths so far. Flu-related deaths have now surpassed those caused by COVID-19 for the first time in five years. The number of flu vaccinations has dropped significantly, which could partly explain the increased severity of the season. The flu vaccine remains one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of the virus, but with fewer people getting vaccinated, the disease continues to affect millions. Although flu cases have been declining in recent weeks, they remain high, and the season is expected to last for several more weeks.
Bird Flu: A Future Threat?
While bird flu has not yet spread to humans in large numbers, it remains a potential concern. Of the 70 reported cases of bird flu in humans in the U.S., most were among individuals working closely with infected animals, such as poultry. Human-to-human transmission of H5N1, the strain of bird flu in question, has not been observed, but there are isolated cases outside of the U.S., including one pediatric case in Canada. If you work with poultry or have pet birds, you should be cautious, as there is always a risk of the virus spreading through animals. For most people, bird flu is not an immediate threat, though it has already caused significant economic consequences due to the culling of millions of birds, particularly egg-laying hens, driving up prices.
How to Protect Yourself
There are several preventive measures that can help reduce your risk of contracting these diseases:
Vaccination
Make sure your vaccinations are up to date:
- Flu: It’s still not too late to get a flu shot for anyone over 6 months of age. Consult your doctor if you have a severe allergy to vaccine components.
- Measles: Ensure that children receive the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine at the recommended ages. Adults who are unsure of their vaccination status or those who received a measles vaccine between 1963 and 1967 may want to consider a booster shot.
Basic Hygiene Practices
The habits that helped prevent the spread of COVID-19 are still valuable:
- Stay home if you’re sick and avoid public spaces, work, or school.
- Wear a high-quality face mask when around large groups, especially in crowded settings.
- Wash your hands frequently for at least 20 seconds, or use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol if soap and water aren’t available.
For Parents of Unvaccinated Children
If you have young children who are not yet vaccinated, consider taking extra precautions to minimize exposure:
- Isolate them from larger groups and opt for private child care if possible.
- Avoid allowing others to hold or kiss your child, as this can spread viruses.
- Breastfeed your baby if possible, as this provides some level of immune protection.
By staying informed and taking preventive steps, you can significantly reduce the risk of contracting or spreading these dangerous illnesses.
