A recent clinical trial has shown that Ozempic, a medication commonly used for diabetes and weight loss, may also help reduce alcohol consumption. The study, conducted on 48 individuals with signs of moderate alcohol-use disorder, found that those taking low doses of semaglutide the active ingredient in Ozempic experienced a significant decrease in alcohol consumption and cravings compared to those on a placebo.
The findings align with previous observations from real-world users and animal studies suggesting that GLP-1 receptor agonists, the class of drugs that includes Ozempic, may influence alcohol intake. Researchers believe these medications affect both the gut and brain, potentially reducing alcohol cravings and diminishing the rewarding effects of alcohol.
Alcohol-use disorder affects nearly 30 million people in the United States and is characterized by difficulty controlling alcohol consumption despite negative consequences. While three FDA-approved medications exist for treating the condition, they are underutilized, partly due to lack of awareness and stigma. Compared to these existing treatments, semaglutide showed promising effects, suggesting potential as a future treatment option pending further research.
The study took place over nine weeks, with participants receiving either a low-dose injection of semaglutide or a placebo. To assess their drinking behavior, participants visited a controlled laboratory setting designed to mimic a living room, complete with a stocked bar and television. They were allowed to drink freely within a set safety limit while researchers monitored their alcohol intake and breath alcohol levels.
At the end of the trial, those taking semaglutide consumed 40% less alcohol than those on the placebo. They also reported fewer drinks per day, fewer heavy drinking days, and reduced cravings. However, the medication did not appear to influence how many days per week participants chose to drink.
While the trial demonstrated significant reductions in alcohol consumption, experts caution that the study’s small size and short duration limit the conclusions that can be drawn. Side effects, primarily gastrointestinal issues like nausea and constipation, were generally mild. Some researchers suggest that nausea could play a role in reducing alcohol intake, but further studies are needed to determine whether this is a major factor.
Additionally, the study population differed from typical individuals seeking treatment for alcohol-use disorder. The participants had a higher proportion of women and a higher-than-average body weight, which is not common among those seeking treatment. Further research involving individuals with more severe alcohol-use disorder is needed to determine the full potential of semaglutide in treating addiction.
Larger trials are currently underway, including one at the National Institutes of Health. Pharmaceutical companies are also beginning to explore the potential of GLP-1 drugs for addiction treatment. Future research will seek to clarify how these medications can be used in individuals without excess weight and whether they may also help with nicotine or drug addiction.
If GLP-1 receptor agonists prove effective for both alcohol reduction and smoking cessation, their impact on public health could be substantial.
