As tree pollen season gets underway, experts are warning that allergy sufferers could experience a particularly difficult few weeks. Scientists from the University of Worcester predict that this year’s pollen levels will be higher than usual, leading to more severe symptoms for those with hay fever.
Hay fever, a common allergic reaction to pollen, affects an estimated 13 million people in the UK. While many associate it with the summer months, tree pollen is already causing itchy eyes, sore throats, and runny noses among those who are sensitive to it. Currently, alder pollen is peaking, with hazel trees also contributing to high pollen counts.
Hay fever is not limited to a single season but rather occurs in three distinct phases depending on the type of pollen:
Tree Pollen Season – Typically runs from March to May or June, but some tree species such as alder, hazel, and elm start releasing pollen as early as January. Around 25% of hay fever sufferers are affected by tree pollen.
Grass Pollen Season – This is the most common cause of hay fever, affecting nearly all sufferers. It lasts from May to July and tends to bring the most severe symptoms.
Weed Pollen Season – Occurs between June and September, with certain types of weeds producing pollen that triggers allergic reactions.
The severity of symptoms can vary depending on location. Rural areas with abundant vegetation typically have higher pollen levels compared to urban centers, where pollution may reduce the amount of airborne pollen.
Dr. Beverley Adams-Groom, a senior pollen forecaster at the University of Worcester, attributes the expected severity of this year’s tree pollen season to natural cycles and last year’s weather conditions.
“Trees that produce allergenic pollen in the UK tend to have alternating high and low years of severity – this year is a high year,” Dr. Adams-Groom explains.
The warm temperatures during the previous spring and summer created ideal conditions for pollen production. A particularly warm May played a crucial role in encouraging trees to release more pollen. The current forecast suggests that mild, dry weather with breezes optimal conditions for pollen spread will persist in the coming weeks.
Daily weather fluctuations significantly impact pollen production and dispersal:
Rainy days – Pollen levels tend to decrease because rain helps wash it out of the air.
Warm, sunny days – Pollen release increases, making symptoms worse for sufferers.
Windy conditions – Help pollen travel over long distances, leading to widespread exposure.
Very calm days – Pollen struggles to lift from the ground, reducing its spread.
For those who suffer from hay fever, keeping track of daily pollen forecasts and weather conditions can help manage symptoms.
Climate change is altering pollen seasons in unpredictable ways. Research from the University of Worcester suggests that some species, such as birch trees, are producing higher pollen levels, while grass pollen levels remain relatively stable. Additionally, oak and grass pollen seasons are beginning earlier, mirroring trends observed in other European nations.
Warmer spring and summer temperatures, changes in land use, and urban expansion are all contributing factors to these shifts. The increase in woodland areas, for example, could lead to higher tree pollen levels in the future.
While hay fever can be disruptive, there are steps sufferers can take to minimize their exposure and symptoms:
Monitor pollen forecasts – Use weather apps and online services to stay informed about daily pollen counts.
Keep windows closed – Prevent pollen from entering your home, especially on high-pollen days.
Shower and change clothes – After spending time outdoors, remove pollen that may have settled on skin and clothing.
Use antihistamines and nasal sprays – These can help reduce inflammation and allergic reactions.
Wear sunglasses – Protect your eyes from airborne pollen.
Avoid grassy areas and woodlands – If possible, limit outdoor exposure when pollen levels are high.
As the tree pollen season continues, those affected should take necessary precautions to manage their symptoms. With a severe season ahead, early preparation and awareness can help reduce discomfort and improve quality of life.
