This year’s flu season has emerged as one of the most severe in recent history, causing a significant rise in infections, hospitalizations, and deaths across the United States. According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there have been at least 37 million flu infections, leading to nearly half a million hospitalizations and over 21,000 deaths. Among the most heartbreaking statistics is the death toll among children, with 98 pediatric flu-related deaths recorded so far. The surge in flu cases has overwhelmed healthcare systems, forced school closures, and raised concerns among medical experts about what has made this season so devastating.
One of the primary reasons for the flu’s intensity this year is the dominant strains in circulation. Influenza A viruses, specifically the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes, have been responsible for the majority of cases. These strains are known to spread quickly and cause severe illness. H3N2, in particular, has been associated with more frequent mutations, making it harder for the immune system to recognize the virus, even in individuals who have been previously exposed or vaccinated. This characteristic of H3N2 may explain why so many people are falling seriously ill despite previous flu infections or immunizations.
Another factor contributing to the severity of this flu season is the drop in vaccination rates. Flu shots are an essential tool in reducing the risk of severe illness, but CDC data shows that fewer people are getting vaccinated compared to previous years. While adult vaccination rates are holding steady at around 45%, the number of children receiving flu shots has declined. As of mid-February, only 46% of children had been vaccinated, compared to 51% at the same time last year. Overall, flu vaccination coverage has dropped significantly from pre-pandemic levels, falling from 63% in the 2019-2020 season to just 55% this year. This decline means a larger portion of the population remains vulnerable to infection, increasing the likelihood of widespread transmission and severe cases.
Experts also point to the lingering effects of pandemic-related precautions as a possible reason for the flu’s resurgence. For several years, mask-wearing, social distancing, and limited public gatherings reduced the spread of respiratory viruses, including the flu. While these measures were effective in preventing infections, they may have also led to weakened immune responses. With fewer people exposed to the flu in recent years, natural immunity has waned, making individuals more susceptible to infection now that pandemic restrictions have eased. The return to normal social interactions has created an environment where flu and other respiratory viruses, such as COVID-19 and RSV, are spreading more aggressively.
Despite the high number of infections, health officials emphasize that it is not too late to get a flu shot. This year’s vaccine has proven to be a good match for the circulating strains, significantly reducing the risk of hospitalization for those who are vaccinated. Data from the CDC indicates that vaccinated children and teens who contracted the flu were 63% to 78% less likely to require hospitalization, while vaccinated adults had a 41% to 55% lower chance of being hospitalized. These statistics highlight the importance of getting vaccinated, even if the flu season is already well underway.
In addition to vaccination, health experts urge people to take preventive measures to avoid spreading the flu. Staying home when sick, practicing good hand hygiene, and wearing a mask in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces can help reduce transmission. For those at higher risk of severe illness, such as older adults, young children, and individuals with underlying health conditions, antiviral medications like Tamiflu may be an option. These medications work best when taken within the first two days of symptom onset, so those at risk should discuss their options with a healthcare provider in advance.
While flu activity has begun to decline in some areas, experts caution that the season is not over. Influenza B cases are still increasing in wastewater samples, suggesting that another wave of infections could be on the horizon. This uncertainty underscores the importance of remaining vigilant and taking proactive steps to protect against infection. Given the unpredictability of flu seasons, prioritizing vaccination and preventive health measures remains the best way to reduce the risk of severe illness and prevent further strain on healthcare systems.
