A cough or runny nose might seem like a common cold, but could it be measles? With rising cases, this question is becoming more relevant. Measles is highly contagious and spreads easily among those without immunity from vaccination or past infection. The MMR vaccine provides 97% protection with two doses.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Initially, measles symptoms resemble a cold or flu, including fever, cough, runny nose, and pink eye. These early signs appear 11 to 12 days after exposure, making the illness difficult to identify right away. The characteristic blotchy red rash and tiny white or gray spots in the mouth develop later, usually two to four days into the illness.
Even doctors may not immediately suspect measles due to its common early symptoms. During this early phase, an infected person is most contagious, unknowingly spreading the virus to others.
How Symptoms Progress
As measles advances, symptoms can worsen significantly. High fever, severe cough, ear infections, diarrhea, and pneumonia are common complications. The virus can also cause brain inflammation (encephalitis), leading to confusion, severe headaches, and even permanent neurological damage. In some cases, measles can be fatal.
There is no antiviral treatment for measles. Supportive care includes IV fluids, vitamin A supplements, and hospitalization for severe cases. Even after recovery, the immune system remains weakened, increasing susceptibility to infections for up to five years.
What to Do If You Suspect Measles
If you experience symptoms and live in an area with an outbreak, contact a healthcare provider. A worsening viral illness, red eyes, or a rash may warrant testing. Doctors may also review vaccine history and potential exposures.
Post-exposure options include an MMR vaccine within three days of exposure or measles immunoglobulin within six days to reduce severity. Wearing a mask in public, especially in healthcare settings, can help prevent spreading the virus. Since measles has a long incubation period, symptoms may not appear for up to two weeks after exposure.
Preventing Measles
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles. Checking vaccine records ensures proper protection, as some adults may not have received both doses. Immunization also safeguards those who cannot get vaccinated, such as infants and immunocompromised individuals, by reducing the spread of the virus.
Recent declines in pediatric vaccinations have contributed to outbreaks. Maintaining high vaccination rates is essential to preventing measles transmission and protecting public health. While prevention may not always seem urgent, it plays a crucial role in keeping communities safe from this serious illness.
