Since the advent of devolution in Kenya in 2013, the National Treasury has released a staggering Sh3.5 trillion to the 47 county governments, fundamentally reshaping the landscape of local governance and service delivery. This funding has aimed to empower counties to foster development and address local challenges. In a recent statement by National Treasury Cabinet Secretary John Mbadi, it was confirmed that the government does not owe counties any money in arrears for the 2023/24 financial year, emphasizing the government’s commitment to fulfilling its financial obligations.
Historical Context of Devolution in Kenya
Devolution was introduced in Kenya as a constitutional measure to enhance governance and service delivery by decentralizing power from the national government to local authorities. The primary aim was to improve public service delivery, promote local governance, and empower communities to participate in their development. This shift was especially crucial for marginalized areas, ensuring they received a fair share of national resources.
Financial Distribution Overview
The Sh3.5 trillion disbursed since 2013 reflects the government’s dedication to supporting local governance. The annual disbursements have increased significantly over the years, with an aggregate annual increase of Sh186.13 billion, which equates to a remarkable 95.13% growth. This consistent financial injection has allowed counties to implement various projects, from infrastructure development to health services.
Disbursement Breakdown by County
- Nairobi County: The capital city has received the highest disbursement of Sh173 billion, translating to an average of Sh3,581 per capita for its population of approximately 4.4 million. This substantial funding has facilitated various projects, including urban infrastructure and healthcare improvements.
- Turkana County: In second place, Turkana County has received Sh123 billion over the last 11 years. With a population of about 924,000, the funding has been crucial in addressing food security and improving health services in this arid region.
- Kakamega County: Third on the list, Kakamega County has received Sh120.6 billion. With a population of around 1.86 million, the funds have been directed toward enhancing educational facilities and local health services.
- Kiambu County: Following closely, Kiambu County has been allocated Sh113.9 billion, benefiting its 2.4 million residents. The investment has gone into agricultural development and infrastructure projects.
- Kilifi County: Kilifi County received Sh113 billion. This funding has been instrumental in improving tourism and education in the coastal region, which relies heavily on these sectors for economic growth.
- Mandera County: With Sh111 billion disbursed, Mandera has been able to invest in security and healthcare, given its unique challenges. The funds have been crucial for this region, often affected by insecurity.
- Bungoma County: Closing the list of counties that have received over Sh100 billion, Bungoma has received Sh102.3 billion, supporting agricultural initiatives and infrastructure development.
The Role of the Equalization Fund
One of the mechanisms employed by the government to ensure equitable distribution of resources is the Equalization Fund. This fund aims to address disparities in service delivery and infrastructure development across the counties, particularly in marginalized areas. As a result, counties such as Wajir (Sh94.1 billion), Meru (Sh93.7 billion), Machakos (Sh93.3 billion), and Kisii (Sh92.7 billion) have benefited significantly from this initiative.
Impacts of Financial Disbursements
The financial allocations have led to significant improvements in various sectors within the counties:
- Infrastructure Development: Many counties have invested heavily in roads, bridges, and public transport systems, facilitating movement and trade. Improved infrastructure has a ripple effect on local economies, enhancing connectivity and market access.
- Healthcare Services: Health facilities have been upgraded and expanded, providing essential services to residents. Counties have been able to hire more healthcare professionals and stock essential medicines, improving healthcare outcomes.
- Education: Funds have been directed toward building and renovating schools, training teachers, and providing learning materials. This investment in education is critical for enhancing literacy rates and providing a skilled workforce for the future.
- Agricultural Development: Many counties have prioritized agricultural initiatives, providing farmers with resources and training to enhance productivity. This is especially crucial in regions where agriculture is the mainstay of the economy.
Challenges in Disbursement and Utilization
Despite the significant financial resources allocated to the counties, challenges remain in terms of disbursement and utilization. There have been reports of delays in disbursement, particularly in the financial years 2019/20, 2021/22, and 2023/24. However, the government has assured that it has cleared all outstanding areas amounting to Sh30.8 billion as of July 2024.
Moreover, the efficiency of fund utilization at the county level is a critical issue. There have been concerns about mismanagement and corruption, which undermine the intended benefits of the disbursements. Strengthening accountability and oversight mechanisms is essential to ensure that funds reach the intended projects and positively impact the communities.
Conclusion
The Sh3.5 trillion disbursed to Kenya’s counties over the past 11 years marks a significant commitment by the National Government to promote local governance and development. While counties like Nairobi, Turkana, Kakamega, and Kiambu have seen substantial benefits from this funding, challenges remain in ensuring efficient utilization and timely disbursement. Moving forward, enhancing accountability and oversight mechanisms will be crucial in maximizing the impact of these funds, ultimately empowering communities and fostering sustainable development across the nation.
As Kenya continues to navigate the complexities of devolved governance, the lessons learned from the past decade can guide future policies and practices to ensure that devolution fulfills its promise of equitable development for all Kenyans. The financial resources allocated to counties represent not just numbers but opportunities for growth, development, and improved quality of life for millions of citizens across the country.
