Standard KS 1758, also known as the National Horticulture Code of Practice, has been a crucial development in Kenya’s horticulture sector. Developed by the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) in collaboration with various stakeholders within the horticultural industry, it outlines the hygienic and safety requirements necessary for the production, handling, and marketing of various horticultural products. This includes flowers, ornamentals, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices.
Voluntary Nature of the Standard
It is essential to note that the adherence to Standard KS 1758 is voluntary for farmers. The Agriculture and Food Authority (AFA) has made it clear that while certification under this standard provides significant advantages, it is not mandatory. This means that farmers can choose whether or not to pursue certification without facing penalties or restrictions in their farming practices. Consequently, producers can still grow and sell their products even if they decide against certification, ensuring that the market remains accessible to all farmers, regardless of their certification status.
Significance of KS 1758
The standard was initially released in 2004 but saw little implementation until 2014 when global food safety concerns began to rise. Since its voluntary adoption in 2014, it has played a pivotal role in promoting food safety and quality among certified producers. Farmers who have embraced KS 1758 have reported various benefits, including improved access to markets and a better reputation for their products.
One of the pressing issues in the Kenyan horticultural sector is the quality and safety of locally produced fruits and vegetables. With 95% of the produce consumed domestically, the perception has been that local safety measures have not kept pace with those for exported goods, which undergo stringent production and handling procedures. The introduction of KS 1758 seeks to bridge this gap by ensuring that locally consumed products meet the same rigorous standards applied to exports. This, in turn, can help improve consumer confidence in local produce, thus encouraging healthier eating habits and potentially boosting domestic sales.
Inclusivity and Capacity Building
The design of the standard takes into account the diverse landscape of the horticultural sector in Kenya, accommodating both small-scale and large-scale farmers. The AFA aims to build the capacity of all farmers in Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), whether they are targeting domestic markets or looking to export. This inclusive approach is particularly vital given that many small-scale farmers may lack the resources or knowledge to navigate the certification process independently.
Certification Process
The certification process involves several steps, starting with the farmer applying for certification through a designated certifying body. The cost of certification is determined by the certifying organization and is influenced by the level of compliance demonstrated by the farmer at the time of application. For small-scale farmers, the financial burden of certification can be significant, and the AFA acknowledges these challenges. In response, they have been actively seeking support from development partners to facilitate the certification process for small-scale producers.
One way to alleviate the cost burden is through group certification, which allows a collective of farmers to share the certification costs. This approach has shown promise in making certification more accessible, particularly for smallholders who may not have the financial capacity to bear the full costs individually. By participating in group certification, farmers can benefit from the collective bargaining power, thus reducing the financial strain on each member.
Global Context
At the global level, numerous certification standards exist, with varying requirements depending on the target markets. Different markets may prioritize specific standards, which means that certification can significantly enhance a farmer’s market access. KS 1758 was developed as a domestication of global standards, simplifying the requirements to align them with local conditions while still ensuring that the end products meet acceptable safety and quality benchmarks.
The recognition of KS 1758 by some international markets as a valid certification means that Kenyan exporters can access these markets, provided their products meet the standard’s requirements. This global perspective highlights the potential advantages of certification, not just for market access but also for elevating the overall quality of Kenyan horticultural produce.
Environmental Considerations
An essential aspect of Standard KS 1758 is its emphasis on environmental sustainability. For large-scale farmers whose operations have the potential to impact the environment, an environmental impact assessment is required as part of the certification process. This measure aims to ensure that agricultural practices are sustainable and that they contribute to the conservation of the environment. By requiring this assessment, the standard not only focuses on food safety but also aligns with broader environmental goals, fostering a more sustainable horticultural industry in Kenya.
Challenges and Opportunities
While the introduction of KS 1758 offers numerous benefits, it also presents challenges, particularly for small-scale farmers. The cost of certification can be a barrier, and many farmers may be hesitant to pursue it due to perceived financial constraints. The AFA’s recognition of these challenges is a crucial step toward addressing them. Their efforts to seek support from development partners and promote group certification are essential strategies for facilitating greater participation in the standard.
Additionally, the voluntary nature of the standard can lead to a mixed landscape where some farmers choose to adopt it while others do not. This disparity can create a tiered market where certified products are seen as superior, potentially putting uncertified farmers at a disadvantage. However, the freedom to choose certification allows farmers to tailor their business strategies to their specific circumstances, ensuring that those who wish to compete in higher-value markets can do so while others may prioritize different objectives.
Conclusion
In summary, Standard KS 1758 represents a significant advancement in the Kenyan horticulture sector. Its voluntary nature provides flexibility for farmers, while its emphasis on safety, quality, and sustainability aligns with both local and global market demands. The inclusivity of the standard, accommodating farmers of all scales, along with efforts to reduce the barriers to certification, are essential for fostering a thriving horticultural industry in Kenya.
As the global landscape continues to evolve, the adoption of standards like KS 1758 will be crucial for maintaining competitiveness, ensuring food safety, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. With continued support from the AFA, KEBS, and other stakeholders, Kenyan farmers can harness the benefits of certification to enhance their operations, improve product quality, and access new markets, ultimately contributing to the growth and sustainability of the horticultural sector.
