A new variant of the Mpox virus, known as clade 1b, has been detected in China, raising global health concerns. This mutated strain is more transmissible and lethal, with a mortality rate of 3.6%. Its discovery underscores the challenges of managing emerging viruses, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
China’s Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that the outbreak began with a traveler from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), leading to four additional cases through close contact. Clade 1b demonstrates genetic traits that facilitate human-to-human transmission, including through sexual contact. This development has heightened fears of further spread, especially as the World Health Organization (WHO) warns of the virus’s expansion beyond Africa, where the outbreak originated.
Africa remains the epicenter of the Mpox outbreak, with 13,769 confirmed cases reported across 20 countries, including 60 fatalities. The DRC alone accounts for 9,513 cases, making it the hardest-hit region. Clade 1b, first identified in eastern DRC in September 2023, has since spread to neighboring countries such as Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi. Its geographical reach has also extended beyond the continent, with cases reported in countries like Sweden and Thailand. This pattern of global spread has prompted an emergency declaration from the WHO.
The Mpox virus is categorized into two primary forms: clade 1 and clade 2. While clade 1 is more virulent, the emergence of the clade 1b variant has added complexity to the outbreak. Africa CDC reports that clade 1 has been detected in several countries, including Kenya, the Central African Republic, and the DRC. Clade 2 has been reported in nations such as Nigeria, Liberia, and South Africa. Some countries, like Cameroon, have documented both clades, while Gabon’s specific strain remains unidentified.
Kenya has emerged as a hotspot for the outbreak, with 28 confirmed cases across 12 counties. The Ministry of Health has identified clusters in Nakuru and Mombasa, among other regions. Health authorities are actively monitoring contacts, with 147 individuals completing the 21-day follow-up period. Of the confirmed cases, eight individuals remain under care, while 17 have recovered. One fatality has been reported in the country.
In response to the outbreak, Kenya’s healthcare system has ramped up surveillance and preparedness. The Director General for Health has assured the public that facilities are equipped to manage and diagnose Mpox cases effectively. Meanwhile, China has implemented stringent containment measures, classifying Mpox as a Category B infectious disease. This designation permits emergency actions such as restricting public gatherings and suspending schools and workplaces when necessary. Enhanced screening at entry points has also been introduced to curb further spread.
While Mpox symptoms are generally mild, including skin rashes, blisters, and flu-like conditions, the virus can be fatal in rare cases. The WHO has cautioned against complacency, even as some regions report plateauing or declining case numbers, citing potential delays in reporting.
The clade 1b variant’s rapid spread and increased lethality highlight the urgent need for global collaboration in disease surveillance, containment, and vaccine development. The evolving situation serves as a stark reminder of the importance of preparedness in addressing emerging public health threats.
