Rare Mosquito-Borne Disease Claims Life in New Hampshire Amid Growing Concerns

A rare mosquito-borne illness has claimed a life in New Hampshire, marking the state’s first reported death from eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in nearly a decade. The patient, an adult from the town of Hampstead, succumbed to the illness after being hospitalized with severe central nervous system symptoms, according to a statement from the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). This unfortunate case comes as state officials in New England grapple with the rising threat of EEE, which is believed to be increasingly influenced by climate change.

The EEE virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, specifically those that have fed on birds carrying the virus. The disease is extremely rare but can be devastating when contracted. The last recorded human EEE infection in New Hampshire occurred in 2014, when the DHHS identified three cases, including two fatalities. This latest infection and death have prompted renewed vigilance and concern among health authorities.

In response to the growing risk of EEE, Massachusetts recently reported its first human case of the year, involving an elderly man in his 80s. In an effort to mitigate the spread of the virus, Massachusetts officials have implemented several public health measures. These include voluntary outdoor curfews, the closure of public parks, and both aerial and ground spraying to control the mosquito population. These measures aim to reduce the risk of mosquito bites, which is crucial for preventing EEE transmission.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) outlines several symptoms associated with eastern equine encephalitis. Early signs of the disease include fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, behavioral changes, and drowsiness. As the infection progresses, it can lead to severe neurological conditions such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the spinal cord). The severity of EEE is underscored by its high mortality rate; approximately 30 percent of those infected die, and many survivors endure long-term physical or cognitive impairments. Individuals under the age of 15 and those over 50 are considered at higher risk for severe outcomes.

Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments available for EEE, which underscores the importance of preventive measures. Health officials recommend several strategies to reduce the risk of mosquito bites. These include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing while outdoors, and eliminating standing water around homes to reduce mosquito breeding sites. By taking these precautions, individuals can lower their chances of contracting EEE and other mosquito-borne diseases.

The link between climate change and the increasing prevalence of mosquito-borne illnesses is becoming more apparent. A 2023 report by Climate Central highlighted that the number of “mosquito days”—warm, humid conditions ideal for mosquito activity—has risen across much of the U.S. over the past four decades. This trend is largely attributed to human-caused climate change, which has created more favorable conditions for mosquitoes to thrive and spread diseases like EEE.

The recent death from eastern equine encephalitis in New Hampshire serves as a stark reminder of the potential dangers of mosquito-borne diseases. The increase in EEE cases in New England, coupled with the impact of climate change on mosquito populations, underscores the need for continued public health efforts and personal protective measures. As officials work to manage the immediate risks of EEE, it is crucial for individuals to stay informed and take proactive steps to safeguard their health against this rare but serious disease.