As China battles a surge in respiratory illnesses this winter, a lesser-known virus, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), has been gaining attention. While the rise in cases might raise global concerns, health experts are reassuring the public that this pattern is typical for the winter season.
HMPV, a virus that causes upper and lower respiratory infections, has been circulating in various regions, including China, where data from the Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows an increase in cases in recent weeks. Alongside HMPV, other common respiratory viruses, such as seasonal flu and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), have also been reported at elevated levels.
Margaret Harris, a spokesperson for the World Health Organization (WHO), noted that these trends align with what is typically seen during winter months. “China’s reported levels of respiratory infections are within the normal range for this time of year,” she stated during a recent briefing. The WHO also emphasized that despite the uptick in cases, hospital utilization remains lower than at the same time last year, offering reassurance that no emergency measures have been implemented in response to these viruses.
First identified in 2001, HMPV is far from new, yet it often remains under the radar for many. It spreads similarly to other respiratory viruses, mainly through droplets from coughing and sneezing, as well as by touching contaminated surfaces. According to the CDC, about 10% to 12% of respiratory illnesses in children are attributed to HMPV. Many people will encounter the virus in childhood, and reinfections are possible throughout life.
Janet Hamilton, executive director of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, pointed out that HMPV is one of many viruses circulating during the respiratory illness season. She explained that while viruses like COVID-19, flu, and RSV tend to dominate the conversation, others, including HMPV, can also contribute to mild illnesses. Symptoms of HMPV infection often resemble those of the common cold cough, fever, stuffy nose, and shortness of breath though some people may experience more severe symptoms, particularly those with weakened immune systems.
Preventing the spread of HMPV involves many of the same measures recommended for other respiratory viruses. Health experts advise staying home if you’re sick, wearing masks in crowded places, and ensuring good ventilation in indoor spaces. Harris also emphasized the importance of covering coughs and sneezes and maintaining good hand hygiene to reduce transmission.
While most people recover from HMPV infections on their own, certain groups are more vulnerable to severe disease. The very young, such as newborns, and the elderly, particularly those over 90, are at greater risk. Harris advises against visiting newborns or elderly relatives in hospital settings when exhibiting cold-like symptoms to prevent transmission.
Currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Healthcare providers can test for the virus, but treatment typically focuses on symptom management. Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications can help ease discomfort. Most mild cases resolve within a few days to a week.
Professor John Tregoning from Imperial College London noted that, like other viral infections such as flu or RSV, the advice for HMPV is to rest and avoid spreading the virus to others. He urged individuals who feel very unwell to consult their doctor, as antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections.
While HMPV may not be as widely recognized as other respiratory viruses, it plays a significant role in the seasonal increase in respiratory infections. As winter continues, health officials advise the public to remain vigilant, especially in crowded environments, while also reassuring that the rise in HMPV cases is a seasonal trend rather than an alarming anomaly.
