As people return to their homes after the destructive wildfires in Los Angeles, experts are advising caution regarding the air quality inside homes and during the cleanup process. Even properties that have been spared from direct damage can still be impacted by smoke, ash, and the harmful chemicals they carry. These particles can infiltrate homes, posing a significant risk to health.
Katherine Pruitt, the national senior director for policy at the American Lung Association, emphasizes the importance of understanding the risks posed by these airborne pollutants. “There’s a lot that has potentially happened to affect poor air quality in your home, even if you haven’t suffered any physical damage to the home itself,” Pruitt warns. “The fumes and the ash, the particles that are going to be in your indoor environment, are not safe to breathe.”
The Lingering Danger of Smoke and Ash
While the immediate threat of the wildfires may seem to have passed, the dangers of ash and smoke continue to affect both indoor and outdoor environments. Wildfires release more than just smoke—burnt structures, vehicles, and other materials often release toxic chemicals into the air. Even after the fires are extinguished and the smoke clears, the chemicals that have settled on walls, floors, and furniture may linger for weeks or even months, off-gassing harmful substances that can be hazardous to health.
Research from the American Lung Association reveals that Los Angeles, already one of the cities with the worst year-round particle pollution, now faces even more dangerous air quality. The region’s air quality index has been hovering at “unhealthy” levels, especially in the aftermath of the wildfires. Long-term exposure to these fine particles can result in respiratory problems, including bronchitis and asthma. These particles can also enter the bloodstream, aggravating conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.
Symptoms to Be Aware Of
Exposure to wildfire smoke and ash can lead to a range of symptoms. People may experience burning eyes, runny noses, sore throats, coughing, and difficulty breathing. These effects can be especially problematic for those with pre-existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as children, the elderly, and pregnant individuals. Studies show that even after the fire has been extinguished, these symptoms can persist for months, as seen in the case of the Marshall Fire in Colorado, where residents reported ongoing discomfort long after the smoke had cleared.
How to Safely Clean After the Fire
When it comes to cleaning up after a wildfire, it’s crucial to take precautions to limit exposure to harmful pollutants. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends using high-efficiency filters in HVAC systems and keeping them clean to improve indoor air quality. For those with portable air purifiers, those equipped with HEPA filters are most effective at capturing airborne particles. Make sure to run air purifiers in the rooms where people spend the most time.
It’s also essential to avoid activities that can worsen air quality, such as frying or broiling food, which can generate additional fine particles. For cleanup, traditional vacuum cleaners or brooms should be avoided, as they may stir up particles in the air. Instead, mist the surfaces with water before vacuuming with a HEPA filter to trap ash without releasing it back into the environment.
Additionally, when cleaning, it’s important to wear protective gear. Gloves, goggles, long sleeves, long pants, and socks can help protect your skin from contact with the ash. An N95 or P100 respirator mask is recommended to prevent inhaling fine particles. Ordinary surgical or cloth masks are not sufficient for this type of protection.
Protecting Vulnerable Groups
Certain groups, including those with pre-existing health conditions, the elderly, children, and pregnant individuals, should avoid cleanup activities due to the heightened risks posed by particle pollution. Pets should also be kept away from areas affected by ash, as they can also suffer from exposure.
Even during the cleaning process, it’s vital to take breaks to get fresh air. If outdoor conditions remain smoky, create a clean room with an air purifier where you can rest. If any symptoms such as breathing difficulties or discomfort arise, stop the cleaning process and consult a healthcare provider before continuing.
While the immediate danger of the wildfire may be over, the risks of smoke, ash, and chemical pollutants linger, especially indoors. By taking proper precautions, such as using air purifiers, wearing protective gear, and avoiding activities that worsen air quality, individuals can reduce their exposure to harmful substances and protect their health as they return to their homes and begin the cleanup process.
