Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, commonly known as Irro, has emerged victorious in Somaliland’s presidential election, securing 64% of the vote. This marks a significant milestone in the self-declared republic’s political landscape, as Irro becomes Somaliland’s sixth president since it declared independence from Somalia in 1991. The election, held on November 13, was observed by diplomats from nine European countries and the United States, with the peaceful vote widely praised.
Irro, a 69-year-old former speaker of the Somaliland parliament, defeated the incumbent, Musa Abdi Bihi, who garnered 35% of the vote. The win signals a shift in political leadership in the breakaway region, which has remained unrecognized by the international community despite its stability, democratic processes, and the establishment of its own government, currency, and security structures.
Throughout his campaign, Irro emphasized the importance of unity and progress for Somaliland, promising to steer the region toward greater stability and economic development. One of the key issues he addressed was the controversial deal between Somaliland and Ethiopia, in which a 20km stretch of coastline is being leased to Ethiopia for a naval base. The 50-year lease deal, which was announced on January 1, has created a diplomatic rift in the Horn of Africa, particularly with Somalia, which views Somaliland as part of its territory.
While Irro did not outright reject the deal, his rhetoric suggested a more cautious and diplomatic approach. His party has promised to review the agreement, which is a significant aspect of Somaliland’s foreign policy, as it seeks recognition from Ethiopia and other international actors. The deal has been criticized for its potential to escalate tensions in the region, with Somalia condemning it as an act of aggression.
Irro’s victory comes at a time when Somaliland faces mounting economic challenges, including a weakening local currency and high inflation, which have led to widespread discontent. Critics of the outgoing president, Musa Abdi Bihi, argue that his paternalistic leadership style alienated the public, especially during a period of economic hardship. Many Somalilanders felt that Bihi was dismissive of their concerns, contributing to his loss of support.
In contrast, Irro is viewed as a unifying figure, capable of bridging the political divide in Somaliland. His message of reconciliation and stability resonated with voters, promising a more inclusive government. He also indicated that under his leadership, Somaliland would continue to maintain its diplomatic relations with Taiwan, despite opposition from China and Somalia, further highlighting his independent foreign policy stance.
Somaliland’s journey to independence has been fraught with challenges. After the collapse of the central government in Somalia in the early 1990s, Somaliland declared independence and has since made significant strides in rebuilding its infrastructure, economy, and institutions. Hargeisa, Somaliland’s capital, was heavily bombed during the civil war, but has since been reconstructed, symbolizing the resilience of the people.
Irro’s background is a testament to his experience and dedication to Somaliland’s future. Born in Hargeisa, he studied in Somalia and the United States, eventually earning a Master’s degree in business administration. He began his diplomatic career in Somalia’s foreign service and was posted to Moscow during the civil war, later becoming the country’s acting ambassador to the Soviet Union. After fleeing the conflict, Irro settled in Finland, where he reunited with his family and obtained Finnish citizenship.
Returning to Somaliland in 2002, Irro became politically active as a co-founder of the opposition Justice and Welfare Party (UCID) and later served as speaker of parliament for 12 years. In 2010, he founded the Wadani Party, which has grown into a powerful political force, culminating in his successful run for the presidency in 2024.
Irro’s swearing-in ceremony is set for December 14, marking the beginning of a new chapter in Somaliland’s quest for recognition and stability. As he prepares to take office, all eyes will be on how his leadership shapes the region’s future in a complex geopolitical environment. Despite the challenges ahead, Irro’s victory represents hope for a more prosperous and united Somaliland.
