Sudan has launched its first-ever malaria vaccination campaign, an initiative that comes amid 18 months of intense civil conflict. With an aim to protect thousands of children from the life-threatening disease, the Federal Ministry of Health, in collaboration with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, has embarked on a bold mission to curb malaria’s devastating toll on the country’s youth. Sudan’s endeavor to bring malaria vaccination to its people marks a significant milestone, making it the first country within WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Region to initiate such a program.
Malaria’s Impact on Sudanese Children
Malaria remains one of Sudan’s deadliest diseases, particularly among children. The country has one of the highest malaria rates in the region, with the disease consistently ranking as a leading cause of childhood mortality. In 2023 alone, malaria claimed an estimated 7,900 lives across Sudan, though the real toll may be significantly higher due to the ongoing conflict between rival militaries. The launch of the malaria vaccination campaign represents a turning point in Sudan’s struggle against the disease and is a testament to the determination of health officials and global partners to address one of the country’s most pressing health challenges.
The vaccination campaign commenced with the arrival of a consignment of 186,000 doses in October, enabling health officials to initiate the program in selected areas across the country. The campaign began in Gedaref and Blue Nile states, targeting children under 12 months old at 15 health facilities. The initial phase is expected to benefit over 148,000 infants, offering a crucial layer of protection for some of Sudan’s most vulnerable citizens.
A Lifesaving Initiative Amidst Conflict
The vaccination initiative has been hailed as a “lifesaving tool” by healthcare leaders in Sudan. Sheldon Yett, UNICEF Representative to Sudan, described the campaign as “a critical new tool in our child mortality fighting toolkit.” However, he also acknowledged the daunting challenges that have emerged due to the civil conflict, which has severely impacted Sudan’s healthcare infrastructure.
Over 11 million people have been internally displaced since the outbreak of conflict, and more than 70 percent of hospitals in conflict zones have ceased to operate. Although Sudan’s vaccination rates reached as high as 85 percent prior to the conflict, they have since plummeted to approximately 50 percent. The malaria vaccination campaign thus not only represents an important milestone in the fight against malaria but also symbolizes resilience and hope for a nation striving to protect its children despite overwhelming odds.
Expanding Access to Healthcare in War-Torn Regions
In addition to the vaccine rollout, Sudan’s health ministry has formulated a strategic plan to ensure the successful implementation of the campaign. This includes training healthcare workers, engaging communities to raise awareness, and enhancing cold chain facilities to ensure the quality and safety of vaccines. These measures are critical, as consistent access to healthcare has been one of the greatest challenges posed by the ongoing conflict.
Dr. Shible Sahbani, WHO Representative to Sudan, emphasized the importance of integrating the malaria vaccine with other preventive health measures, advocating for a comprehensive approach to malaria control. “WHO continues to advocate for comprehensive malaria interventions, integrating the vaccine with other preventive measures,” Dr. Sahbani explained, highlighting the need for a multifaceted response to tackle the country’s malaria burden.
Low Immunization Rates and Widespread Disease Outbreaks
The conflict has severely hindered healthcare delivery, leading to lower immunization rates and a resurgence of preventable diseases. Outbreaks of cholera, measles, and polio, alongside endemic diseases like malaria, have put millions of unvaccinated children at risk. The malaria vaccine is therefore a crucial addition to Sudan’s immunization program, addressing not only the immediate threat of malaria but also contributing to broader child health goals.
Before the conflict, Sudan had achieved relatively high immunization rates, with up to 85 percent of children vaccinated against major diseases. However, as violence has disrupted healthcare services, immunization rates have fallen drastically. The malaria vaccine rollout aims to reverse this trend, offering a glimmer of hope to Sudanese children who have been disproportionately affected by the conflict’s impact on public health.
The Role of Global Partnerships in Sudan’s Health Response
The success of Sudan’s malaria vaccine campaign can be attributed in part to the support of global organizations like UNICEF, WHO, and Gavi. These partnerships have been instrumental in providing the resources and expertise necessary to launch the campaign despite the country’s challenging circumstances. Anne Cronin, Senior Country Manager for Sudan at Gavi, described the vaccine introduction as a “critical step forward in protecting the lives of countless children” and a “symbol of hope for a healthier future amidst adversity.”
The collaboration among Sudan’s health ministry, global health organizations, and local health workers highlights the importance of solidarity and coordinated action in tackling public health crises. By pooling resources, knowledge, and logistical support, these organizations have enabled Sudan to make significant progress in its fight against malaria, even as the country grapples with the complexities of civil conflict.
Looking Ahead: Expanding the Vaccine’s Reach
The initial phase of Sudan’s malaria vaccination campaign will focus on children under 12 months in Gedaref and Blue Nile states. However, there are plans to expand the program to 129 additional localities across Sudan in 2025 and 2026. This phased approach will allow health officials to gradually scale up the vaccination effort, ensuring that more children benefit from the protection the vaccine offers.
As the program expands, it will be essential to maintain the quality and accessibility of healthcare services in conflict-affected areas. Sudan’s health ministry and its partners are committed to making the vaccine available to as many children as possible, recognizing that the long-term success of the campaign depends on sustained effort and resource allocation.
