Pavel Durov, the founder and CEO of the popular messaging app Telegram, has been placed under formal investigation in France as part of a probe into alleged organized crime on the platform. The Russian-born billionaire, who also holds French nationality, was detained last Saturday upon arrival at Le Bourget airport, north of Paris, under a warrant related to these offences. He is currently under judicial supervision and has been barred from leaving French territory.
Durov, 39, is required to check in at a French police station twice a week and has been ordered to pay a €5 million ($5.6 million) deposit. Although he has not been remanded in custody, these measures signify the gravity of the investigation. According to the Paris prosecutor’s office, Durov is under scrutiny for several alleged crimes, including complicity in the administration of an online platform to enable illicit transactions by an organized gang, refusal to cooperate with authorities, and complicity in the distribution of sexual images of children.
A Landmark Case in the Tech World
This case marks an unprecedented situation where a social media platform owner faces legal consequences for the platform’s usage. Unlike past instances where tech executives have been summoned by lawmakers for questioning about their platforms’ practices, Durov’s detention at an airport by law enforcement has sparked an intense debate over freedom of speech and accountability in the digital age.
Telegram, founded in 2013, is headquartered in Dubai and has amassed more than 950 million registered users globally. It is particularly popular in Russia, Ukraine, Iran, and other former Soviet states. The platform allows large groups of up to 200,000 members to share and comment on content, significantly exceeding WhatsApp’s group size limit of just over 1,000. However, while Telegram messages can be encrypted, this feature is not activated by default and must be manually enabled in private chats.
Growing Criticism and Legal Challenges
Telegram has faced mounting criticism for its perceived lack of cooperation with authorities regarding serious criminal offences, such as the distribution of child sexual abuse images. The BBC reported that Telegram has repeatedly refused to join international programs aimed at detecting and removing such content, raising questions about its commitment to child protection.
In response to the investigation, Durov’s lawyer, David-Olivier Kaminski, stated that Telegram complies with European digital regulations and maintains moderation standards similar to other social networks. Kaminski called the allegations against his client “absurd,” asserting that Durov is not involved in any criminal activities. Durov himself has not publicly commented on the situation.
A Divisive Debate on Censorship and Freedom of Expression
The case has attracted global attention, with tech leaders and political figures weighing in on the debate. Elon Musk, the owner of X (formerly Twitter), has defended Durov, calling moderation a “propaganda word” for censorship and advocating for Durov’s release. Chris Pavlovski, founder of the controversial video-sharing app Rumble, claimed to have fled Europe following Durov’s detention.
French President Emmanuel Macron addressed the situation earlier this week, emphasizing that France remains deeply committed to freedom of expression and denying that Durov’s detention was politically motivated. Meanwhile, the Russian government has suggested that the charges could be perceived as an act of intimidation against a major technology company, warning of the potential political implications.
An Uncertain Future for Telegram
The investigation into Durov’s conduct raises complex questions about the role of digital platforms in moderating content and cooperating with law enforcement. As authorities continue to probe the allegations, the outcome could set a significant precedent for how governments regulate and hold accountable tech companies in the future.
With no clear resolution in sight, the case remains a flashpoint in the ongoing debate over the balance between privacy, freedom of speech, and the responsibilities of social media platforms in the fight against online crime.
