The media has played an indispensable role in advancing human rights, particularly in highlighting cases of extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances. The Media Council of Kenya (MCK) and human rights defenders have consistently recognized and commended the Kenyan media for its steadfast efforts in covering these issues and other sensitive matters such as youth protests. The ability of the press to hold power to account and to serve as a voice for the oppressed is not only essential but has been cemented as a right under Kenya’s 2010 Constitution, positioning the country as a leader in press freedom within the region.
The Importance of Media in Human Rights Advocacy
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Vocal Africa, Hussein Khalid, recently expressed his appreciation to Kenyan media personnel during an event in Mombasa, where he acknowledged the vital role that the press plays in protecting human rights. Khalid emphasized that without the media, there can be no meaningful advancement of human rights in the country. This assertion stems from the idea that the media, often referred to as the “fourth estate,” functions as a watchdog, holding institutions and the government accountable, thus ensuring that democratic principles are upheld.
“The media is a crucial component that serves as a watchdog for democracy. Without a free and vibrant press, human rights violations would go unnoticed, and the quest for justice would be hindered,” Khalid stated.
Kenya’s 2010 Constitution enshrined press freedom, ensuring that journalists could work without fear of government interference or censorship. This has positioned Kenya as one of the most progressive countries in East Africa concerning laws regulating journalism. However, the practical application of these laws and the real-world experiences of journalists show that challenges remain.
Challenges Faced by Journalists in Kenya
Despite the legal protections, Kenyan journalists often find themselves in precarious situations, especially when covering controversial events such as protests against government policies or cases involving powerful figures. During the recent protests opposing the Finance Bill 2024, several journalists were injured after being hit by tear gas canisters. MCK Coast Regional Coordinator Maureen Mudi revealed that incidents of abductions, beatings, and online harassment against journalists are well-documented. These attacks highlight the dangerous environment that media personnel operate in, especially when they are tasked with covering sensitive topics.
The injuries sustained by journalists in Mombasa are not isolated incidents; they reflect a broader trend of violence against the press, particularly during political unrest. Such occurrences raise significant concerns about the safety and security of reporters, who are often at the frontlines of conflicts, risking their lives to bring important stories to the public.
Omar Shungu, the chairperson of the Mombasa Press Club, noted that despite the risks, journalists continue to document and relay significant moments in the country’s history. According to him, the dedication and resilience of these professionals, who often pay a heavy price for their work, deserve immense recognition. Shungu highlighted that many journalists face grave dangers in their line of duty, yet they continue to fulfill their primary responsibility—ensuring that every Kenyan has access to accurate and timely information.
Upholding Media Freedom and Safety
While the Kenyan Constitution guarantees press freedom, the reality on the ground paints a more complex picture. Journalists are increasingly exposed to threats, physical harm, and psychological pressure as they navigate the turbulent landscape of Kenyan politics and human rights advocacy. Media personnel are often caught in the crossfire between the state and the public, a precarious position that endangers both their safety and their careers.
Mudi’s call for discretion when covering conflicts underscores the delicate balance that journalists must maintain. She urged reporters to prioritize their safety over risky assignments, noting that “no story is worth dying for.” This sentiment highlights the need for newsrooms to implement safety protocols and for journalists to receive proper training on conflict reporting.
Mudi’s remarks were echoed by Khalid, who emphasized the importance of ensuring media freedom through financial support and capacity building. He called on the government to open resource channels for the Media Council of Kenya, enabling the institution to operate at full capacity in regulating and supporting the press.
“The Media Council of Kenya is mandated to regulate the press, but it also has a responsibility to ensure that journalists are protected and that their rights are upheld. The government must provide the necessary resources to enable the MCK to fulfill its mandate effectively,” Khalid stated.
The Role of Media Owners
Apart from government intervention, media owners play a crucial role in ensuring the welfare of journalists. Khalid called on media owners to fairly remunerate their employees and create a safe working environment. The financial insecurity that many journalists face, coupled with the risks of covering volatile events, creates a climate where press freedom can be compromised. Proper compensation and protection are essential to sustaining a robust and independent media sector.
Media owners are responsible for ensuring that journalists are not only equipped with the necessary tools to do their job but also that their physical and mental well-being is prioritized. In an industry where low pay and job insecurity are common, fair remuneration and adequate protection are crucial for maintaining the integrity and independence of the press.
The Media as a Pillar of Democracy
The recognition of the media as the “fourth estate” is a testament to its integral role in upholding democracy. The press serves as a conduit through which citizens can access information about their government and society. It provides a platform for dialogue, holds power to account, and ensures that the rights of citizens are protected.
In the context of human rights, the media plays a dual role. On the one hand, it exposes violations, such as extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances, bringing them to the attention of the public and relevant authorities. On the other hand, it ensures that the voices of victims and marginalized communities are heard. By giving a platform to the oppressed, the media contributes to the broader fight for justice and equality in society.
The continued coverage of protests, such as those by Kenyan youth demanding justice for victims of state violence, illustrates the media’s commitment to democratic principles. Neutral reporting, as noted by Khalid, ensures that all sides of the story are told and that the public can make informed decisions.
Conclusion
The media in Kenya has proven to be a critical pillar in the fight for human rights and the protection of democracy. Despite facing numerous challenges, including violence, intimidation, and financial insecurity, journalists continue to work tirelessly to ensure that Kenyans have access to accurate information. The recognition by the Media Council of Kenya and human rights defenders is a testament to the crucial role the press plays in society.
However, more needs to be done to protect journalists and ensure that they can carry out their duties without fear of reprisal. The government, media owners, and civil society must work together to create a safe and supportive environment for the press. Only then can the media continue to serve as a watchdog, holding those in power accountable and protecting the rights of every Kenyan.
