Africa’s air cargo sector is experiencing a significant boost despite the global challenges affecting logistics and supply chains. Various factors, including the operationalization of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and increasing demand for efficient transport solutions, are contributing to this growth. However, industry leaders acknowledge that infrastructural and regulatory improvements are necessary to sustain this momentum.
The AfCFTA, which connects 1.3 billion people across 55 African countries, has created new opportunities for air cargo operators. With an estimated GDP of $3.4 trillion (Sh438.6 trillion), the agreement is expected to increase transportation demand by 50% and boost intra-African trade by 25%. This anticipated rise in trade volumes has spurred conversations among global logistics stakeholders about improving air cargo operations.
During the Air Cargo and Transport Logistics Africa 2025 Conference in Nairobi, industry leaders emphasized the importance of partnerships between airlines, logistics firms, and policymakers. Their goal is to create a seamless air cargo ecosystem that enhances trade efficiency across the continent.
Kenya Airways (KQ) Chief Executive Allan Kilavuka highlighted the importance of collaboration among stakeholders in the cargo industry. He stressed the need for innovation and sustainability in air freight, stating that digital transformation is a necessity for the sector’s future.
“Digital solutions are crucial for tracking shipments, automating processes, and ensuring efficiency,” said Kilavuka. The airline has already made strides in integrating digital tracking systems to streamline cargo handling and improve service delivery.
In 2024, Africa’s air cargo traffic recorded a 6% year on year growth. Special cargo, including fresh produce, pharmaceuticals, and high value goods, accounted for 80% of total exports. Kenya, which plays a vital role in the region’s logistics sector, has seen a surge in air cargo handling. Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) processed 112,000 tonnes of cargo in the first quarter of 2024, underscoring the country’s importance in global trade.
Swissport Kenya CEO Racheal Ndegwa, speaking at the conference, reiterated the importance of logistics infrastructure in supporting air cargo expansion. She noted that airports and cargo hubs need continuous upgrades to accommodate the growing volume of shipments.
Kenya Airports Authority (KAA) Chairman Caleb Kositany announced that the agency is in the advanced stages of developing Sea Air Terminals at Moi International Airport in Mombasa. This initiative will allow inbound sea freight to be seamlessly converted into air freight, facilitating faster distribution to landlocked countries within hours.
Additionally, the Lamu Port South Sudan Ethiopia Transport Corridor (LAPSSET) is being considered as a viable trade route, with Isiolo International Airport identified as a key logistics hub. These infrastructural developments aim to reduce transit times, lower costs, and enhance cargo movement across Africa.
Despite the promising growth, Africa’s air cargo industry faces several challenges. Geopolitical tensions, such as conflicts affecting the Red Sea, have disrupted traditional shipping routes, increasing the demand for air freight. Kenya Civil Aviation Authority (KCAA) Director General Emile Arao highlighted how these disruptions have led to elevated freight rates and capacity constraints.
“The rerouting of sea freight due to security concerns in the Red Sea has placed additional pressure on air cargo operators. This has resulted in higher transportation costs and limited cargo space,” Arao noted.
Other key challenges include:
- High freight costs: Air cargo remains an expensive option for transporting low-value goods.
- Rising fuel prices: Fuel cost fluctuations significantly impact overall operational expenses.
- Regulatory hurdles: Stringent security and customs requirements often lead to delays and increased administrative costs.
- Sustainability concerns: The industry is under pressure to adopt eco-friendly practices and reduce carbon emissions.
The air cargo sector’s future in Africa hinges on continued investment in technology, infrastructure, and policy frameworks. By addressing regulatory barriers and improving logistical efficiency, Africa can position itself as a global leader in air freight.
While challenges persist, the growing demand for trade and transport solutions ensures that air cargo remains a critical pillar of Africa’s economic development. As stakeholders work toward a more resilient and sustainable cargo network, the sector is poised for long-term success.
