The UK government has backed the expansion of Gatwick Airport by allowing the transformation of its northern runway into a fully operational second runway, provided strict noise and environmental mitigation measures are in place. Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander announced she was “minded to approve” the project, though it must still undergo the formal planning process.
Gatwick Airport’s northern runway, currently used only for taxiing and as a backup, is set to become fully operational by the end of the decade if approval is granted. The £2.2 billion expansion will be privately funded and is expected to boost capacity significantly, allowing the airport to handle more flights and passengers.
In her ministerial statement, Alexander emphasized that while she supports the expansion in principle, the airport must address concerns such as noise pollution and ensure a substantial proportion of passengers use public transport. Gatwick has until April 24 to present updated plans before a final decision is made in October.
The government’s support for the Gatwick expansion aligns with broader efforts to enhance economic growth and improve living standards. Chancellor Rachel Reeves recently backed the construction of a third runway at Heathrow, signaling a broader push for airport expansions across the UK.
Gatwick is currently Europe’s busiest single-runway airport, accommodating over 40 million passengers last year. By increasing its capacity, the airport aims to attract more short-haul flights and boost tourism and business travel. Gatwick Airport’s CEO, Stewart Wingate, welcomed the government’s decision, stating that it provides a “clear pathway to full approval” later this year.
The expansion is expected to significantly increase the airport’s operational capacity. Currently, Gatwick manages 55 take-offs and landings per hour, reaching full operational limits. With the northern runway in use, an additional 50,000 flights per year could be facilitated by the end of the 2030s. About 30,000 of these flights would depart from the new northern runway, which will only be used for take-offs.
Gatwick’s Development Director, Bronwen Jones, called the project a “win for everyone,” stating that it would allow for new airline routes, greater frequency on existing flights, and more travel options for passengers.
Despite its economic potential, the expansion faces strong opposition from environmental groups, local authorities, and community organizations. Greenpeace UK’s policy director, Douglas Parr, dismissed claims that the project would drive economic growth, stating that it would primarily contribute to noise pollution, air pollution, and increased carbon emissions.
Local residents, represented by the Communities Against Gatwick Noise Emissions (CAGNE), are particularly concerned about the impact on their quality of life. Chairperson Sally Pavey highlighted issues such as excessive noise, increased road congestion, and declining air quality, calling the project a “bucket and spade” runway that prioritizes tourism over environmental responsibility. CAGNE has indicated that it will pursue legal action if the expansion proceeds.
The UK Climate Change Committee (UKCCC) has warned that to meet national climate targets, emissions from the aviation sector must be reduced by 17% from 2003 levels. While sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and carbon capture technology may mitigate some emissions, experts caution that the availability of SAF feedstock, such as corn grain or food waste, remains limited.
The UKCCC further advised that reducing the demand for air travel is the most effective way to limit aviation-related emissions. However, with demand expected to rise by 53% by 2040, meeting climate goals while expanding airport capacity presents a significant challenge.
Although the government has signaled its support for Gatwick’s second runway, final approval will depend on the airport’s ability to meet environmental and noise reduction requirements. The final decision, expected in October, will determine whether Gatwick can move forward with its expansion plans.
As the debate continues, the project highlights the ongoing tension between economic development and environmental sustainability in the aviation sector. Whether the benefits outweigh the concerns remains a subject of heated discussion among policymakers, industry leaders, and local communities.
