On Sunday night, as global leaders and environmental advocates gathered in Cali, Colombia for the 16th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP16), a clarion call was made to tackle one of the most pressing challenges of our time: the protection and restoration of biodiversity. With more than 190 countries participating, this summit comes as the latest effort to halt habitat destruction, save endangered species, and protect the Earth’s ecosystems. The two-week event marks the first global gathering on biodiversity since the historic Kunming-Montreal Global Framework (GBF) agreement in 2022, and its outcomes are critical to humanity’s survival.
“Make Peace with Nature”: A Global Call to Action
UN Secretary-General António Guterres, in a powerful video address to the opening ceremony, set the tone for the summit by emphasizing the urgency of converting words into action. His call for action focused on strengthening efforts to meet the targets set out in the Kunming-Montreal GBF, a groundbreaking framework designed to reverse biodiversity loss and safeguard natural resources.
“The framework is grounded in a clear truth for humanity to survive, nature must flourish,” Guterres said, underscoring the deep interdependence between humans and the natural world. He called for “significant investments” in the GBF and urged countries to align their national actions with the framework’s targets. He emphasized the need for stronger monitoring and transparency mechanisms and, crucially, for wealthier nations to fulfill their promises of financial support to developing countries.
A Crucial Moment for Biodiversity
The CBD COP16 comes at a critical moment in the global fight against environmental degradation. Since the Kunming-Montreal GBF was agreed upon in 2022, progress has been slow. Despite commitments to protect 30% of the planet’s land and oceans by 2030, biodiversity loss continues to accelerate, driven by human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and the over-extraction of natural resources. The Secretary-General warned that humanity is “not on track” to meet the GBF’s ambitious goals and called for urgent action to close the gap between promises and implementation.
Guterres also highlighted the inequity that exists in the exploitation of natural resources, pointing out that while developing countries possess some of the richest biodiversity on the planet, the benefits derived from scientific discoveries and economic growth often flow to wealthier nations. He emphasized that those profiting from nature must also contribute to its protection and restoration. This stark reminder of the global economic imbalances related to biodiversity extraction further heightened the urgency of mobilizing financial resources and ensuring equitable support for developing nations.
‘La COP de la Gente’ – A COP of the People
The theme of COP16, referred to as ‘La COP de la Gente’ (the People’s COP), seeks to underscore the importance of inclusivity in the global biodiversity effort. Guterres stressed that this summit must engage all sectors of society, especially indigenous peoples and local communities, who are often the frontline defenders of biodiversity. Indigenous knowledge and stewardship, he said, are essential to achieving biodiversity protection at all levels, and their leadership must be central to future strategies.
This focus on indigenous communities comes amid growing recognition that their traditional knowledge and sustainable practices are key to conserving biodiversity. Indigenous peoples manage or have tenure rights over about a quarter of the world’s land surface, including some of the most biodiverse areas on Earth. By involving these communities in decision-making and implementation, COP16 aims to leverage their invaluable insights and contributions toward achieving the goals of the GBF.
A New Paradigm for Development
COP16 President Susana Muhamad, Colombia’s Minister of Environment, echoed Guterres’ call for action and expanded on the need to rethink the global development model. In her opening remarks, Muhamad emphasized the need for a paradigm shift in the way societies interact with nature. “It is basically about recomposing the way we live,” she said, urging delegates to embrace a new model of development that harmonizes with nature rather than exploits it.
Muhamad linked biodiversity conservation directly to climate action, pointing out that the extractive use of natural resources is responsible for 50% of today’s greenhouse gas emissions and causes 90% of biodiversity loss. However, she also noted that the restoration of ecosystems has immense potential to mitigate climate change. Restoring nature, she said, could contribute nearly 40% to the solution for stabilizing the climate and restoring balance to the carbon cycle.
This call for a holistic approach reflects the growing consensus that biodiversity loss and climate change are interconnected challenges that require integrated solutions. By prioritizing ecosystem restoration, countries can address both biodiversity decline and climate change, while also creating sustainable livelihoods for communities that depend on natural resources.
Financing the GBF: A Critical Challenge
One of the key challenges facing COP16 is ensuring adequate financial resources to implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Framework. During his address, Guterres underscored the importance of financing, calling on delegates to leave Cali with firm commitments to invest in the GBF. He urged developed countries to honor their financial pledges and accelerate support to developing nations, which bear the brunt of biodiversity loss yet have fewer resources to address it.
The GBF includes a target to mobilize at least $200 billion per year for biodiversity-related initiatives by 2030. However, current funding levels fall far short of this goal. Public and private financing must be scaled up significantly, and innovative mechanisms are needed to attract investments that can help bridge the gap. Guterres’ call for those profiting from nature to contribute to its protection reflects growing interest in leveraging private sector investments, particularly from industries that benefit from biodiversity, such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and tourism.
In addition to direct financial support, COP16 is expected to explore other mechanisms for funding biodiversity protection, including debt-for-nature swaps, carbon markets, and payment for ecosystem services schemes. These tools can provide developing countries with much-needed resources to conserve biodiversity while promoting sustainable development.
Building Momentum for Future Action
As COP16 unfolds over the next two weeks, delegates will grapple with a range of complex issues, from finalizing the monitoring and reporting mechanisms for the GBF to securing commitments for new financial resources. The outcomes of this summit will be critical in determining the future of biodiversity protection and the planet’s ecological balance.
For many environmental advocates, COP16 represents a pivotal moment in the global effort to halt and reverse biodiversity loss. The stakes are high, and the challenges are immense, but there is also hope. The Kunming-Montreal GBF provides a roadmap for action, and with the right level of commitment and investment, it can be a powerful tool for saving the planet’s ecosystems.
In the words of Secretary-General Guterres, “We have a plan to rescue humanity from a degraded Earth.” Now, it is up to the leaders and experts gathered in Colombia to turn that plan into reality. As the summit progresses, the world will be watching closely, hoping that COP16 delivers on its promise to be a ‘People’s COP’a turning point for both people and the planet.
