African livestock producers stand at a critical juncture where modern breeding technologies can significantly enhance the production of meat, milk, and eggs. A recent study published in Nature Genetics highlights that with the right support and investment, these advancements can improve not only productivity but also climate resilience and sustainability across the continent.
The study, conducted by an international team of researchers led by the Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), underscores the role of genomic technologies and breeding programs in driving genetic gains. These improvements, supported by the African Animal Breeding Network (AABNet), could transform livestock systems by fostering efficiency, resilience, and sustainability, ultimately strengthening food security and rural livelihoods.
Professor Appolinaire Djikeng, the study’s lead author and Director General of the International Livestock Research Institute, emphasized the need for a balanced approach: “In the past, genetic improvement efforts have largely focused on maximizing productivity, often overlooking environmental and climate considerations. Africa has a unique opportunity to take a different approach—one that balances productivity with sustainability while ensuring interventions are farmer-appropriate and support livelihoods.”
Currently, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is home to approximately 85% of the world’s livestock keepers, yet the region contributes only 2.8% of global meat and milk outputs. This productivity gap represents a major opportunity for genetic advancements to enhance efficiency. Furthermore, as Africa’s population continues to grow and urbanize, demand for livestock products is expected to surge. In West Africa alone, the demand for meat, milk, and eggs is projected to rise by 50% by 2050.
The study, titled The African Animal Breeding Network as a Pathway Towards Genetic Improvement of Livestock, explores how AABNet facilitates genetic evaluation across multiple African countries. By collecting, storing, and sharing livestock data, the network supports the development of higher-quality, more productive animals. Additionally, AABNet plays a vital role in professional development, educational partnerships, training, and entrepreneurship, fostering strategic collaborations to accelerate progress.
Professor Mizeck Chagunda, Director of CTLGH, highlighted the importance of this initiative: “This represents a timely opportunity, with support from AABNet, to improve agriculture and food systems at a time of population growth and changing climate, aligning with the United Nations’ and African Union’s vision for the continent.”
By connecting animal breeders across Africa and enabling shared evaluation systems and tools, AABNet is paving the way for enhanced productivity and genetic advancements. The study underscores the power of collaboration in utilizing genomic technology, digital tools, and information and communications technology (ICT) to establish a foundation for sustainable livestock improvement programs in Africa.
