China is exploring plans to build a nuclear power plant on the Moon to provide energy for the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), a joint venture with Russia. The ambitious project was highlighted by Pei Zhaoyu, Chief Engineer of the Chang’e-8 mission, during a recent presentation in Shanghai. Scheduled for 2028, the mission will pave the way for a permanent, manned lunar base expected to be operational by 2035.
The proposed nuclear facility is one of two main power supply options for the ILRS, alongside extensive solar arrays. The Moon’s harsh environment and the power demands of a long-term base have made nuclear energy a key consideration for the project. A previous announcement by Russia’s space agency Roscosmos in 2023 revealed its intent to collaborate with the China National Space Administration (CNSA) on deploying a nuclear reactor to the Moon’s surface by 2035.
Wu Weiren, Chief Designer of China’s lunar exploration program, emphasized Russia’s expertise in nuclear space technology, noting it leads globally in deploying nuclear systems into space. “Russia has a natural advantage,” Wu told Reuters, adding that he hopes both countries can successfully deliver a reactor to the Moon this time.
China’s lunar plans are developing in parallel with NASA’s Artemis program, which aims to return American astronauts to the Moon by 2025. However, China’s ILRS project could eventually eclipse it in international participation. Wu revealed future plans for a “555 Project” to bring together 50 nations, 500 institutions, and 5,000 scientists for lunar research collaboration.
Roscosmos officials also used the Shanghai forum to discuss plans for resource exploration, including using lunar materials for fuel. The growing Sino-Russian space partnership comes as Western sanctions limit Russia’s access to space technology. Analysts believe China’s rising capabilities can help Russia overcome these challenges and revitalize its space ambitions.
With geopolitical shifts and technological advances shaping the new space race, the China-Russia lunar initiative marks a significant step toward permanent human presence on the Moon.
